TO SEISMIC EVENTS
(excluding rock slides, explosion, and
traditional fracture)
1.1.0 A
complex series of mechanisms, to which indicated phenomena of precursor(s) to
seismic events or seismic associated activity, may be observed, through a
radical design of mass resonant sensory devices (MRSD). Sensitive magnetometer devices as
state-of-the-art lack adequate signal to noise ratio –compared to mass resonant
devices , are susceptible to large degrees of man-made and natural background
noise, and are employed in methods
seeking only UELF waveform embodiment (i.e. sample rate). MRSD technology requires high sample rate
with full, stable DC coupling to observe full series of precursory wavedata
while operating at very low noise/high gain conditions. With such advances, a new complex paradigm
in seismic event genesis grafts with current theory of subsequent mechanical
waves, movement, and energy but with a new mechanism pointing to the moment of
genesis of what has been commonly referred to as ‘elastic rebound’.
1.3.0 MRSD
technology provides wide area identification of north-south regions of greatest
precursory activity identifiable by latitudinal Crustal Resonant frequencies
(CRfo). Stimulation of
precursory activity primarily observed from powerful, fast transient electrical
impulses originating within the crust, typically at fault structures. Pulse
characteristics identifiable as Single Phase Impulse and Multi-Phase Burst. Characteristics of both types of impulses
measured to be significant in intensity as to compare to orders of magnitude
greater than typical sudden atmospheric discharge of energy (lightning) – this
for small precursory events resulting in less than magnitude 3.0 on subsequent
mechanical event on seismic measurement scale. Specific polarization in x, y, and z of impulses observable at
Crustal/atmospheric region similar to ‘skin effect’. A series of Impulses as ‘Single Phase’ –or SPI – over time lead
to a measurable, persistent Crustal Resonant frequency CRfo. When SPI’s and CRfo persist, this
[may] lead to a Multi-Phase Burst of Impulses (MPB). Typical MPB signature is series of impulses seconds apart. The amplitude and number of impulses translate
to magnitude of energy in subsequent seismic event. Variations of the MPB type indicate form of seismic event
manifests. Slow, low based freq series
with ‘body waves’ within the MPB indicate a slow movement of crust as known as
‘silent earthquake’ type – amplitude of impulses small to low frequency ‘body
wave’ [as large] is deterministic character to this type. Large amplitude MPB impulses with little to
no low freq ‘body wave’ deterministic to traditional seismic event –
earthquake. A rarer form of MPB is
observed as a simple series of SPI’s – seconds apart – which form another type
of seismic event – a strong sudden acoustical event manifesting at crustal
surface as a deep ‘boom’ sounding emanation.
This rare ‘earthquake boom’ event followed by low level mechanical ring
for many seconds following.
1.4.0 SPI events have been observed and measured entering U.S. power distribution grid. Presence is detectable on active (hot) and neutral lines when referenced to earth ground. Characteristic of impulse shows strong embodiment of rich series of frequencies within the envelope of impulse. Duration to hundreds of milliseconds have been observed. Rise time of impulse limited by response of sensory device. Other measurement techniques involve unique ‘shorted coil’ design and/or charge detection on piezo-crystalline units mounted on solid metallic bar (mass resonant design).
1.4.1 When SPI amplitude levels approach precursory magnitude 6 or above levels, micro-electronic circuits have been observed to exhibit ‘out of design’ characteristics when SPI impulse passes into systems powered off the AC distribution grid. The characteristics are very near overload of minority current carriers in semiconductor devices similar to extreme temperature operation. This leads to destructive and unpredictable operation of the semiconductor devices during the event. SPI events observed to pass uninhibited through isolation transformers, transient suppression technology, power subsystems, and to the internal system DC power rails. Rich spectral content within the low frequency profile of SPI duration event observed to generate parasitic behavior, coupling, and increased oscillation to switcher circuitry; operational amplifiers behave in ‘out of design’ non-linear conditions; and analog to digital converters may operate in non-linear conversion process as semiconductor behavior is disrupted. Smaller vs larger geometric size of transistor or FET structure has influence on degree of recoverability or susceptibility to damage from penetrating SPI events.
1.4.2 High voltage power distribution transmission
lines will momentary experience a transmission line disruption when
subterranean SPI event occurs in proximity.
Disruption equivalent to sudden ionization (conduction or short) in
transmission characteristics such that downstream power exhibits a transient
and momentary ‘brownout’.
1.4.3 Large Amplitude SPI events have been observed
to form sudden atmospheric condensation above locale of impulse. Typical is a elongated tubular cloud formation lined with and above linear
fault where SPI event occurred. Sudden
formation occurs when atmospheric conditions favorable (saturation,
temperature,..) and will form quickly – 10 to 15 seconds – as SPI disrupts
atmosphere above. Dissipation occurs
from directional airflow conditions and is observed typically in 5 to 10
minutes. Another type of sudden
atmospheric condensation is observable as a complex ‘cross hatch’ pattern. Pattern type formation indicative of
interference pattern of impulse as refracted from crustal features. Volcanic features such as subterranean
throat outline from internal structural discontinuities are an example of
observed cloud pattern outline formation from impulse events.
1.4.4 SPI and MPB sensory detection best observed by
design of coil systems and detectors – which are ‘mass resonant’ in
nature. This leverages an SPI
characteristic where mass may be excited in a spectral basis where ionization
may occur even within dielectric material.
Avalanche mode bias on large depletion region semiconductors – similar
to radiation detection devices – react to impulses. Sensory life is limited due to deterioration from high avalanche
currents. These devices – avalanche
mode – are limited in ability to determine amplitude of SPI or MPB due to the
charge avalanche saturation following detection trigger.
1.4.5 SPI events observed to develop a polarized
charge in conductive materials. Charge
balance resumes immediately after event.
During charge conditions, unexpected behavior of traditional designed
coil based technology may result.
1.4.6 SPI polarization is single to event, but may
be unique between events.
1.5.0 MPB events follow same characteristics of SPI
with the exception with the typical characteristic of polarization as unique
per impulse. MPB events are typically
much larger in amplitude but follow a precursory relationship to the SPI – such
as a ratio.
1.6.0 MPB event to mechanical seismic event varies
by geological structure of region.
Typical Southern California observed delay timing from 8 to 80
hours. Pacific Northwest delay timing
is greater. Timing also affected
inverse proportional to event magnitude as observed in PNW. Magnitude 6.8 PNW seismic event delay
observed to within 96 hours. Magnitude
5.0 PNW event observed to be typical of 5 days. Amplitude of background CRfo strength observed to
alter delay timing.
1.6.1 SPI events typically occur four to six weeks
in advance of a moderate to strong subsequent seismic event for PNW. SPI events cycle is typically shorter for
Mid to Southern California. SPI event
cycles lead to the MPB event – or if the CRfo persistent level is
high, the MPB may be found to be within ‘body waves’ developed from subsequent
crustal ringing from strong SPI’s.
1.7.0 Typically over days of intermittent SPI
activity, a background Crustal Resonant frequency (CRfo) is
observed. This frequency is specific to
latitude of the earth. Empirically
measured, CRfo ranges from near zero at equator to an upper limit
frequency at the pole(s); frequency is symmetrical from equator to
pole(s); curve of frequency follows an
exponential gaussian distribution centered on 45 degrees latitude ranging from
low exponent value near 1.8 to a peak exponent value near 5 where CRfo
= sin(x)y * 14.998 (exponent as y, latitude as x).
1.7.1 A subsequent observable condition in locale of
SPI activity is a very low frequency type of ‘body wave’. ‘Body wave’ is observable by a continuous
variable wave which maintains a polarized charge basis on a mass resonant
design while transitioning in wave or wavelet form. These body waves are indicative of measure of mechanical crustal
pressure. Directional body waves observed to travel within 24 hours from
thousands of km distant epicentral from large earthquake. Body waves may be hours to seconds in
period, common to observe wavelets of
multiple frequencies within, and are polarized in x, y, and z axis.
1.7.2 Continued SPI locale activity observed to
elevate body wave recordings. Body wave
may have a higher frequency base which is viewable as a thickening of the
overall trace reading.
1.7.3 Increase in amplitude of body wave is
indicative of high pressure conditions in crust as increase in SPI amplitude
(i.e. energy of impulse) is proportional to amplitude of waves. High amplitude body waves indicative of
increased likelihood of MPB event.
1.7.4 Body waves will increase in presence of region
as stronger SPI cycles continue.
Observation of data indicates that regions will shift body waves in a
more mobile condition as the CRfo continues to increase. SPI events
then occur at regions where crustal pressure is highest. Energy levels – based on mass resonant
sensory unit – will be strong in regions where sustained SPI cycles
continue. It is anticipated that
thermal (infrared delta) signature conditions in a region will noticeably
change (increase) in a region with sustained SPI cycling.
1.7.5 Observations of reaction of numerous mass
resonant sensory design indicate that the ‘modulus of elasticity’ of a crustal
region becomes altered from strong SPI activity.
1.7.6 SPI energy measured to pass relatively
uninhibited through Faraday cage shielded detector.
1.7.7 Body waves likely observable to parasitically
couple to traditional seismic sensory devices as sensor, probe, and amplifier
circuitry exposed to polarized mass resonant activity. However, only in very strong crustal
excitation (SPI impulses & strong ‘body waves’) will these waveforms couple
as the path is via parasitics.
1.7.8 Body waves are capable of generating voltage
potential difference presence at the earth surface. Distance is key to voltage potential, wavelength, and propagation
speed. As speed may be slow, large
distances between sensor nodes are required.
Other geographic features may alter detectable voltage levels as
sedimentary layers have been observed to diffuse the polarization of the body
wave. Strong SPI events may disrupt or
damage high impedance voltage detection systems.
1.7.9 SPI’s can represent a ‘noise’ type of
characteristic on traditional seismic sensors; coupling mechanism via parasitic
stimulation of sensor/amplifier stages.
SPI’s typically generate a fast edge impulse, fast edge with exponential
decay on trailing edge depending on the electrical sensor/amplifier
characteristics.
1.8.0 Repetitive SPI events have been observed to excite CRfo
activity in faults over thousands of km distant. Observable crustal resonant ringing (CRr) follows a condition
where a sustained ringing condition follows an SPI for minutes afterward. CRr develops from periodic day cycles of SPI
events. The earth tends to follow a
pattern centered on a 72hr cycle.
Continued SPI activity will result in larger CRr following the SPI. CRr has the characteristics of a wave
propagating outward from the SPI focus at a speed which excites CRfo
of subterranean structures (faults, lava tubes) thousands of miles distant in a
‘wave guide’ crustal propagation.
During CRr, refraction of strong energy is detectable at the earth
surface as vertical ‘sheet’ form based on subterranean structure.
1.8.1 Mapping of subterrainean features is employed
by using mass resonant technology in a moving vehicle to map faults, lava
tubes, and other features during CRr from distant SPI/CRfo genesis.
1.8.2 Crustal ‘waveguide’ excitation as CRr has been
observed to stimulate smaller SPI’s at distant faults. Another observation is where a region
becomes dominant in CRfo strength, this will tend to suppress the
CRfo of a bordering region – up to thousands of km away. Strength is proportional to ability to
suppress. CRfo interaction tends to serialize regional
activity (up to thousands of km).
1.9 SPI & atmospheric,
clouds/animals
1.9.1 As described in measured cloud reaction
conditions to SPI impulses, a simultaneous observable effect is equivalent to a
sudden atmospheric pressure change.
This acoustical impulse – local SPI – was directly observed to disrupt
and agitate animals with sensitive acoustical ability. As SPI cycles may continue for weeks up to
an event, animal disruption may be likely if the subterranean geographic conditions
create the stronger pressure differential.
Low differential atmospheric changes will lessen the impulse – varies
from depth and geographic layer features.
Animals are not always affected – as strongly – due to these physical
attributes.
1.9.2 A second phase of disruption detectable by
atmospheric and MRSD sensors is swarm of micro-SPI’s hours before the
mechanical event. Animals may respond
to both types of disruption as one has acoustical effects with a corresponding
electrical impulse genesis (swarm of micro-SPI’s). Swarm of micro-SPI’s can represent a ‘noise’ type of
characteristic on traditional seismic sensors; coupling mechanism via parasitic
stimulation of sensor/amplifier stages.
Micro-SPI’s typically generate a fast edge impulse, fast edge with
exponential decay on trailing edge depending on the electrical sensor/amplifier
characteristics.
2.0 MPB – Silent earthquake
signature
2.0.1 MPB signatures which follow with silent type
of earthquakes are dominant in large body wave CRr at frequencies below the CRfo
of the crustal latitude. Energy
magnitude determinable by duration of large body wave CRr and by FFT amplitude
of waveform series.
2.0.2 Silent earthquake type series is indicative of
magmatic movement conditions.
Persistent acoustical signature detectable above CRfo of
crustal latitude. Depth of activity
attenuates detection. Geologic features
may increase detection such as magma tube structure as found in a waveguide
effect. Volcano throat areas are ideal
for detection of regional magmatic conditions if events are within feeder
structure.
2.0.3 Silent earthquake type series will generate a
persistent signature above CRfo of a crustal latitude. Mechanical detection of above CRfo
frequencies will likely couple to traditional seismic sensor systems when
magmatic movement activity occurs. A
greater proportion of coupling to traditional seismic sensor systems likely to
be from body wave type mass resonant effects in conductive and charge effects
in dielectric materials.
2.0.4 Silent earthquake event usually results in
distributed associated traditional earthquake events over region silent
earthquake affecting – within time window of event initiation. Magnitude of associated traditional
earthquakes (or swarm) in region typically orders of magnitude smaller in total
energy than total energy of Silent earthquake.
2.1.1 MPB signatures which follow with traditional
type of earthquakes are dominant in large amplitude AT the CRfo of the crustal latitude. Energy magnitude determinable by duration of
MPB in time and by FFT amplitude of MPB series.
2.2 MPB – Earthquake ‘boom’
signature
2.2.1 MPB signature which follow with rare form of
earthquake ‘boom’ has impulse series where frequency is higher than CRfo
of crustal latitude. Event usually
occurs when region is SPI cycle series leading to MPB of traditional earthquake
(swarms, or buildup to earthquake).
2.3 MPB to Earthquake event
2.3.1 An acoustical signature (infrasonic) above CRfo
typically follows MPB in epicentral region.
Signature will peak hours before mechanical event. Higher frequency tuned mass resonant sensors
will show a peak at the natural log half way timing from MPB to mechanical
event. Activity builds in series of
swarms of ‘micro-SPI’ bursts. Body waves will form either square top with “v”
pattern or large sinusoidal hours before mechanical event. Body waves taper to quiescent levels – quiet
or low – before mechanical event. A low
level electrical type of oscillating wave (greater than CRfo) is
detectable with sensitive mass resonant sensor tens of seconds before
traditional initial mechanical P-wave occurs.
2.3.2 Notable is that acoustic frequencies
(infrasonic) that may be at/near physiological resonance of typical human torso
or cranial frequencies.
2.3.3 Large body wave ringing is typically observed
‘tailing’ the mechanical body of the earthquake (mass resonant sensor
observation).
2.3.4 Pre-Epicentral location detectable using
mobile mass resonant sensor system to locate greatest amplitude ‘micro-SPI’
impulse signature, follow-on SPI impulses, and/or detection of greatest
amplitude crustal ring (typically lower than CRfo).
2.4 SPI & tectonic stress
2.4.1 SPI activity observed in crustal areas
identified under tectonic stress (pressure) such as at faults. Presence of CRfo or CRr greatly
increases observation of SPI activity in areas identified under tectonic
stress.
2.5 SPI & solar
2.5.1 Observation & measurements of SPI’s tend
to follow 72 hour mean cycle delay following influx of solar energy (either CME
or geomagnetic). May be indicative
that solar energy influx is initiator of SPI to MPB cycle events – in areas of
known tectonic stress.
2.6 SPI/MPB, Lunar, &
Day/Night transition
2.6.1 SPI’s and MPB’s are observed to occur more
likely just after transition from sunset/sunrise. Sequence of greatest daily activity follows a three hour window
near midnight and mid-day after timing of seasonal sunrise/sunset.
2.6.2 Lunar/solar alignment increases occurrence
of SPI/MPB events. Indicating gravitational association
(pressure) to SPI/MPB thresholds.
2.6.3 Delay timing of mechanical event not observed
to be directly linked to transition, solar, lunar – independent other than
previously described amplitude, presence of CRfo, and geographic
crustal empirical delay.
2.7 SPI/MPB’s & Faults
2.7.1 SPI & MPB activity usually observed at CRr
type subterranean features – such as faults.
Event has been observed that indicates that faults are not necessary for
a MPB series to mechanical event to occur.
Terra Research privately funded entity performing seismic research in Pacific Northwest and California. Background – designof low noise amplifier/filter systems, seismic detection sensory, MRSD coil subsystems, MRSD grid attached subsystems. Design of massively parallel supercomputer subsystems, analog, high speed digital, parallel hardware FFT subsystems, microcontroller applications, and FFT data record, trigger, store of large volumes of high speed capture data. Seismic research for over 9 years. Research & Development for 23 years.
Publication of book w/ color photographs, color
plots of volumes of ‘trigger’ capture data – cost of print/delivery custom.
Anticipated qty 1 cost $104.00 USD.